Keseimbangan Eksplorasi dan Eksploitasi dalam Transformasi Digital: Strategi, Tantangan, dan Dampaknya pada Adaptasi Bisnis Global

Muhammad Rizki

doi:10.32834/jbest.v8i1.1029

Authors

Muhammad Rizki Politeknik STIA LAN Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32834/jbest.v8i1.1029

Abstract

Di era disrupsi digital yang semakin intensif, perusahaan dituntut untuk tidak hanya mengadopsi teknologi baru, tetapi juga mampu menyeimbangkan antara eksplorasi inovasi digital dan eksploitasi strategi yang telah terbukti berhasil. Ketidakmampuan dalam mengelola keseimbangan ini menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan inisiatif transformasi digital di tingkat global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi bagaimana perusahaan menyeimbangkan eksplorasi strategi digital baru dan eksploitasi strategi yang sudah ada, serta dampaknya terhadap kemampuan adaptasi di pasar global yang dinamis. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review terhadap 20 artikel ilmiah terindeks Scopus yang diterbitkan pada periode 2020–2024. Seleksi literatur dilakukan melalui aplikasi Publish or Perish dengan menggunakan kata kunci "Strategic Business", "Artificial Intelligence", dan "Internet of Things". Sintesis dilakukan secara naratif dan tematis berdasarkan tiga dimensi utama: strategi, tantangan, dan dampak transformasi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan antara eksplorasi dan eksploitasi yang diwujudkan melalui ambidekstrilitas organisasi, berkontribusi positif terhadap kemampuan adaptasi, inovasi, dan daya saing perusahaan. Teknologi seperti kecerdasan buatan (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), dan blockchain terbukti berperan strategis dalam mendukung transformasi tersebut. Namun demikian, tantangan berupa defisit keterampilan digital, resistensi terhadap perubahan, serta keterbatasan sumber daya, khususnya di negara berkembang, masih menjadi hambatan signifikan. Studi kasus pada BRI, Telkom Indonesia, dan Gojek memperkuat argumen bahwa kepemimpinan adaptif dan budaya organisasi yang inovatif menjadi prasyarat keberhasilan. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi perlunya perusahaan membangun strategi transformasi digital yang holistik, berinvestasi pada pengembangan kapasitas SDM digital, dan memperkuat kolaborasi dalam ekosistem bisnis. Penelitian lanjutan direkomendasikan untuk mengkaji dinamika eksplorasi–eksploitasi di berbagai sektor industri dan konteks geografis yang lebih beragam. Kata Kunci: transformasi digital, inovasi teknologi, strategi bisnis, eksplorasi, eksploitasi, adaptasi bisnis global

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