Evaluasi Kebijakan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Perdesaan dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Desa di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
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Abstract
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak mengeluarkan Kebijakan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Perdesaan melalui Program Prioritas Nasional 2020-2024 sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas kepemimpinan perempuan potensial perdesaan melalui pelatihan kepemimpinan perempuan, pada penelitian ini dipilih lokus di Provinsi NTB yaitu di dua wilayah, Kabupaten Lombok Timur dan Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Namun demikian, berdasarkan hasil evaluasi terhadap tingkat kinerja kebijakan tersebut, masih ditemukan permasalahan terkait efektivitas koordinasi, kolaborasi,komunikasi antar pihak terutama pada pemerintah daerah. Selain itu, masih kurang efisiennya sumberdaya anggaran dan sumberdaya manusia. Hal lain ditemukan juga masalah perbandingan dua wilayah terkait tidak efektif dan resposivenya hasil dari pelatihan di Lombok Utara, hasil yang sama dalam tahap pendampingan paska pelatihan bahwa peserta Lombok Utara dinilai kurang efektif, serta ditemukan juga kurang efektivitasnya pada tahap monitoring dan evaluasi kebijakan tersebut dilaksanakan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Teori Evaluasi Kebijakan William Dunn. Hasil Penelitian menyimpulkan evaluasi kebijakan kepemimpinan perempuan perdesaan yang paling tepat diterapkan di Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak adalah Alternatif Kebijakan Tim Manajemen Kolaborasi. Alternatif Kebijakan ini menekankan pada konsep kolaborasi antar pihak yang dapat bekerjasama secara efektif dalam konteks formal dan bersifar regular. Hasil penelitian diharapkan mampu memberikan masukan kepada Kementerian PP dan PA mulai dari persiapan, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pendampingan, dan monitoring evaluasi agar lebih efektif, efisien, dan responsive sehingga mampu mencapai tujuan dari kebijakan itu sendiri. Kata Kunci: kebijakan kepemimpinan; evaluasi kebijakan; kepemimpinan perempuan; gender; perempuan desa
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References
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- Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. 2020. Buku Pembangunan Manusia Berbasis Gender
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- Silitonga, M. S., van Duijn, M., Heyse, L., & Wittek, R. (2019). Setting a Good Example? The Effect of Leader and Peer Behavior on Corruption among Indonesian Senior Civil Servants. Public Administration Review, 79(4), 565–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13059
- Stake, E. Robert. (1976). Center For Instructional Research Ana Curriculum Evaluation Countenance. Illinois: University of Illinois.
- Sugiyanto, E. K. (2020). Women Leadership Paradigm: Pro and Contra on Women As Leaders in Various Views. Economics and Business Solutions Journal, 4(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.26623/ebsj.v4i1.2241
- Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alphabet.
- Suharto, E. (Ed.). (2004). Isu-Isu Tematik Pembangunan Sosial: Konsepsi dan Strategi. Jakarta: Balitbangsos Departemen Sosial RI.
- Supiandi Yusuf, 2020, Kajian Model Pilot Perencanaan dam Penganggaran yang Responsif Gender di Desa, Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak
- Suparno.A.S., 2001, Membangun Komptensi Dasar, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan
- Suryanto, A. (2018). Strategi Peningkatan Efektifitas Pelatihan Kepemimpinan: Telaah Teoretis dan Empiris. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 14(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v14i1.337
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- Suryanto, A., & Nugroho, A. A. (2020). Improving Public Participation in Innovation Management of Village-Owned Enterprise: Lesson Learned From the Best Village-Owned Enterprise in Indonesia. PalArch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(4), 2072–2082.
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- Wells, K., & Fleshman W, J. (2020). Women in leadership. SA Pharmaceutical Journal, 87(5), 42
- Widodo, Joko. (2008) Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Bayumedia.
- Widodo, J. (2010). Analisis Kebijakan Publik: Konsep dan Aplikasi, Analisis Proses Kebijakan Publik. Malang: Media Nusa Creative
- Alfiyah, N. I., & Tini, D. L. R. (2021). The Role of Women Village Heads in Decision Making Process in Lembung Timur Village. Journal of Local Government Issues, 4(2), 90–105.
- A Muri Yusuf. (2017). Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Penelitian Gabungan. Jakarta: Kencana.
- Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
- Asropi. (2020). Sustainable Development in Local Government: A Lesson from Indonesia. www.ijicc.net. (Vol 10(10), p. 579-593
- Badan Pusat Statistik Jakarta Pusat, (2020). Pendataan Indeks Pembangunan Gender dan Indeks Pemberdayaan gender Tahun 2020-2022. Jakarta Pusat : Badan Pusat Statistik.
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- Bem, S.L. (1981). Gender Schema Theory : A Cognitive account of sex typing source. Psychological review, 88 354 [Online] www.webster.edu/-woolflm/sandrabem.htm tanggal akses : 20 Juni 2023
- Carsten Anckar (2018) On the Applicability of the Most Similar Systems Design and the Most Different Systems Design in Comparative Research International Journal of Social Research Methodology 11(5):389-401 DOI:10.1080/13645570701401552
- Chatterjee, S. (2016). THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES Leadership , Women Leadership and Rural Development ( With Special Reference to Panchayati Raj in India ). March.
- Chattopadhyay, R., & Duflo, E. (2004). Women as policy makers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India. Econometrica, 72(5), 1409–1443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00539.x
- Djaali, Mulyono, P., & Ramly. (2000). Pengukuran dalam Bidang Pendidikan. Jakarta: PPs UNJ.
- Dunn, N. William. (1998). Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
- Dunn, William N. (1999). Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik Edisi Kedua. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press
- Dunn,William N. 2000. Pengantar Analisa Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah. Mada Press
- Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M. (2011). Taking Gender Into Account: Theory and Design for Women’s Leadership Develo...: Discovery Service for American College of Education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 474–493. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=f9c5eb67-fe3b-4bb0-97bd-0e6e5319a282@sessionmgr4003&hid=4208
- Emzir. (2008). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Kualitatif & Kuantitatif. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
- Fitriyah, K., Kantun, S., & Sukidin. (2019). The strategy of the women’s leadership (a case study of the head village in Puger Subdistrict). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 243(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/243/1/012088
- Garbuja, B. P., & Pasa, R. B. (2016). Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Women Empowerment: A Case from Bima VDC of Myagdi District, Nepal. Journal of Training and Development, 2(August 2016), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v2i0.15436
- Gilani, P., Rook, C., Razeghi, Y., & Carr, M. (2022). Swimming against the current: Negotiating leadership challenges for women in Iran. Leadership, 18(1), 162–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150211047102
- Jacka, T. (2008). Increasing women’s participation in Village Government in China: Is it worth it? Critical Asian Studies, 40(4), 499–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672710802505265
- Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. (1977) . Men and Women of the Corporation. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
- Kartini, Kartono. (1996). Pengantar Metodologi Riset Sosial. Bandung: Mandar Maju 1996 : h.32.
- Karunia, R. L., Budiaji, R., Suzana, R., Dewi, K. S., & Prasetyo, J. H. (2023). Analysis of the Factors that Affect the Implementation of E-Government in Indonesia. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 10(3), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1216
- Karunia, R. L. (2020). The Influence of Leadership, Organisational Structure, and Organisational Culture on the Company Performance of PT NK TBK. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(2), 164–178.
- KAPAL Perempuan, dkk. Buku Daya Perempuan Akar Rumput, Kepemimpinan Perempuan untuk Perubahan (2020), Jakarta.
- Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (2021). Modul Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Perdesaan, Jakarta.
- Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. 2020. Buku Pembangunan Manusia Berbasis Gender
- Kementerian PP dan PA. 2018. Buku Pedoman Panduan Praktis Memahami PPRG di Daerah
- Nawawi, Hadari. (1987). Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada Pers.
- Nugroho, A. A., & Rahayu, N. S. (2020). Transformation of Innovation Values and Culture: Innovation Analysis of Regional Planning System in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. Www.ijicc.net (Vol. 11, p. 2020). www.ijicc.net
- Nugroho, Riant. 2011. Public Policy: Dinamika Kebijakan, Analisis Kebijakan. Manajemen Kebijakan. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.
- Nugroho, R. (2020). Public Policy Dinamika Kebijakan Publik, Analisis Kebijakan Publik, Manajemen Politik Kebijakan Publik, Etika Kebijakan Publik, Kimia Kebijakan Publik. (p. 898). Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo.
- Patton, C. V., Sawicki, D. S., & Clark, J. J. (2015). Basic methods of policy analysis and planning. In Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315664736
- Silitonga, M.S., Anthonio, G., Heyse, L., Wittek, R. (2016). Institutional Change and Corruption of Public Leaders: A Social Capital Perspective on Indonesia. In: Holzhacker, R., Wittek, R., Woltjer, J. (eds) Decentralization and Governance in Indonesia. Development and Governance, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22434-3_9
- Silitonga, M. S., van Duijn, M., Heyse, L., & Wittek, R. (2019). Setting a Good Example? The Effect of Leader and Peer Behavior on Corruption among Indonesian Senior Civil Servants. Public Administration Review, 79(4), 565–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13059
- Stake, E. Robert. (1976). Center For Instructional Research Ana Curriculum Evaluation Countenance. Illinois: University of Illinois.
- Sugiyanto, E. K. (2020). Women Leadership Paradigm: Pro and Contra on Women As Leaders in Various Views. Economics and Business Solutions Journal, 4(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.26623/ebsj.v4i1.2241
- Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alphabet.
- Suharto, E. (Ed.). (2004). Isu-Isu Tematik Pembangunan Sosial: Konsepsi dan Strategi. Jakarta: Balitbangsos Departemen Sosial RI.
- Supiandi Yusuf, 2020, Kajian Model Pilot Perencanaan dam Penganggaran yang Responsif Gender di Desa, Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak
- Suparno.A.S., 2001, Membangun Komptensi Dasar, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan
- Suryanto, A. (2018). Strategi Peningkatan Efektifitas Pelatihan Kepemimpinan: Telaah Teoretis dan Empiris. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 14(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v14i1.337
- Suryanto, A., Nurdin, N., Irawati, E., & Andriansyah. (2023). Digital transformation in enhancing knowledge acquisition of public sector employees. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.11.011
- Suryanto, A., & Nugroho, A. A. (2020). Improving Public Participation in Innovation Management of Village-Owned Enterprise: Lesson Learned From the Best Village-Owned Enterprise in Indonesia. PalArch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(4), 2072–2082.
- Suryanto, A., Prasetyo, A. G., Nurdin, N., & Aswad, M. (2023). The Reform of Apparatus Competence Development in Indonesia: Improving the Implementation System and the Implementing Actors. Information Sciences Letters, 12(4), 1307–1317. https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/120445
- Sutanto, E. M., & Aveline, V. (2021). Women leadership and its association to individual characteristics, social support, and diversity of work environment. International Journal of Business and Society, 22(2), 807–817. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3760.2021
- Suwitri, S. (2008). Konsep Dasar Kebijakan Publik. Semarang: UNDIP.
- Topalova, P., & Duflo, E. (2015). Unappreciated Service?: Performance , Perceptions , and Women Leaders in India Unappreciated Service?: Performance , Perceptions , and Women Leaders in India. Manuscript, Department of Economics …, March. https://www.almendron.com/tribuna/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/unappreciated-service-performance-perceptions-and-women-leaders-in-india.pdf
- Vaughn Hokanson, (2017) Book Review: Deborah Rhode, Women and Leadership, 9 ConLawNOW, 1000
- Wandia, M. E., & Njoroge, J. (2022). Effect of Social- Cultural Values on Women Leadership in Murang’a County Government. Journal of Public Policy & Governance, 6(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4034
- Wells, K., & Fleshman W, J. (2020). Women in leadership. SA Pharmaceutical Journal, 87(5), 42
- Widodo, Joko. (2008) Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Bayumedia.
- Widodo, J. (2010). Analisis Kebijakan Publik: Konsep dan Aplikasi, Analisis Proses Kebijakan Publik. Malang: Media Nusa Creative