Evaluasi Kebijakan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Perdesaan dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Desa di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

Main Article Content

Retno Damayanti
Ratri Istania
Arifiani Widjayanti

Abstract

Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak mengeluarkan Kebijakan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Perdesaan melalui Program Prioritas Nasional 2020-2024 sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas kepemimpinan perempuan potensial perdesaan melalui pelatihan kepemimpinan perempuan, pada penelitian ini dipilih lokus di Provinsi NTB yaitu di dua wilayah, Kabupaten Lombok Timur dan Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Namun demikian, berdasarkan hasil evaluasi terhadap tingkat kinerja kebijakan tersebut, masih ditemukan permasalahan terkait efektivitas koordinasi, kolaborasi,komunikasi antar pihak terutama pada pemerintah daerah. Selain itu, masih kurang efisiennya sumberdaya anggaran dan sumberdaya manusia. Hal lain ditemukan juga masalah perbandingan dua wilayah terkait tidak efektif dan resposivenya hasil dari pelatihan di Lombok Utara, hasil yang sama dalam tahap pendampingan paska pelatihan bahwa peserta Lombok Utara dinilai kurang efektif, serta ditemukan juga kurang efektivitasnya pada tahap monitoring dan evaluasi kebijakan tersebut dilaksanakan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Teori Evaluasi Kebijakan William Dunn. Hasil Penelitian menyimpulkan evaluasi kebijakan kepemimpinan perempuan perdesaan yang paling tepat diterapkan di Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak adalah Alternatif Kebijakan Tim Manajemen Kolaborasi. Alternatif Kebijakan ini menekankan pada konsep kolaborasi antar pihak yang dapat bekerjasama secara efektif dalam konteks formal dan bersifar regular. Hasil penelitian diharapkan mampu memberikan masukan kepada Kementerian PP dan PA mulai  dari persiapan, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pendampingan, dan monitoring evaluasi agar lebih efektif, efisien, dan responsive sehingga mampu mencapai tujuan dari kebijakan itu sendiri.           Kata Kunci: kebijakan kepemimpinan; evaluasi kebijakan; kepemimpinan perempuan; gender; perempuan desa

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References

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Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

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Carsten Anckar (2018) On the Applicability of the Most Similar Systems Design and the Most Different Systems Design in Comparative Research International Journal of Social Research Methodology 11(5):389-401 DOI:10.1080/13645570701401552

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Chattopadhyay, R., & Duflo, E. (2004). Women as policy makers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India. Econometrica, 72(5), 1409–1443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00539.x

Djaali, Mulyono, P., & Ramly. (2000). Pengukuran dalam Bidang Pendidikan. Jakarta: PPs UNJ.

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Dunn, William N. (1999). Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik Edisi Kedua. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press

Dunn,William N. 2000. Pengantar Analisa Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah. Mada Press

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Fitriyah, K., Kantun, S., & Sukidin. (2019). The strategy of the women’s leadership (a case study of the head village in Puger Subdistrict). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 243(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/243/1/012088

Garbuja, B. P., & Pasa, R. B. (2016). Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Women Empowerment: A Case from Bima VDC of Myagdi District, Nepal. Journal of Training and Development, 2(August 2016), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v2i0.15436

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Karunia, R. L. (2020). The Influence of Leadership, Organisational Structure, and Organisational Culture on the Company Performance of PT NK TBK. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(2), 164–178.

KAPAL Perempuan, dkk. Buku Daya Perempuan Akar Rumput, Kepemimpinan Perempuan untuk Perubahan (2020), Jakarta.

Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (2021). Modul Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Perdesaan, Jakarta.

Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. 2020. Buku Pembangunan Manusia Berbasis Gender

Kementerian PP dan PA. 2018. Buku Pedoman Panduan Praktis Memahami PPRG di Daerah

Nawawi, Hadari. (1987). Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada Pers.

Nugroho, A. A., & Rahayu, N. S. (2020). Transformation of Innovation Values and Culture: Innovation Analysis of Regional Planning System in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. Www.ijicc.net (Vol. 11, p. 2020). www.ijicc.net

Nugroho, Riant. 2011. Public Policy: Dinamika Kebijakan, Analisis Kebijakan. Manajemen Kebijakan. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.

Nugroho, R. (2020). Public Policy Dinamika Kebijakan Publik, Analisis Kebijakan Publik, Manajemen Politik Kebijakan Publik, Etika Kebijakan Publik, Kimia Kebijakan Publik. (p. 898). Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo.

Patton, C. V., Sawicki, D. S., & Clark, J. J. (2015). Basic methods of policy analysis and planning. In Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315664736

Silitonga, M.S., Anthonio, G., Heyse, L., Wittek, R. (2016). Institutional Change and Corruption of Public Leaders: A Social Capital Perspective on Indonesia. In: Holzhacker, R., Wittek, R., Woltjer, J. (eds) Decentralization and Governance in Indonesia. Development and Governance, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22434-3_9

Silitonga, M. S., van Duijn, M., Heyse, L., & Wittek, R. (2019). Setting a Good Example? The Effect of Leader and Peer Behavior on Corruption among Indonesian Senior Civil Servants. Public Administration Review, 79(4), 565–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13059

Stake, E. Robert. (1976). Center For Instructional Research Ana Curriculum Evaluation Countenance. Illinois: University of Illinois.

Sugiyanto, E. K. (2020). Women Leadership Paradigm: Pro and Contra on Women As Leaders in Various Views. Economics and Business Solutions Journal, 4(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.26623/ebsj.v4i1.2241

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alphabet.

Suharto, E. (Ed.). (2004). Isu-Isu Tematik Pembangunan Sosial: Konsepsi dan Strategi. Jakarta: Balitbangsos Departemen Sosial RI.

Supiandi Yusuf, 2020, Kajian Model Pilot Perencanaan dam Penganggaran yang Responsif Gender di Desa, Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak

Suparno.A.S., 2001, Membangun Komptensi Dasar, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan

Suryanto, A. (2018). Strategi Peningkatan Efektifitas Pelatihan Kepemimpinan: Telaah Teoretis dan Empiris. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 14(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v14i1.337

Suryanto, A., Nurdin, N., Irawati, E., & Andriansyah. (2023). Digital transformation in enhancing knowledge acquisition of public sector employees. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.11.011

Suryanto, A., & Nugroho, A. A. (2020). Improving Public Participation in Innovation Management of Village-Owned Enterprise: Lesson Learned From the Best Village-Owned Enterprise in Indonesia. PalArch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(4), 2072–2082.

Suryanto, A., Prasetyo, A. G., Nurdin, N., & Aswad, M. (2023). The Reform of Apparatus Competence Development in Indonesia: Improving the Implementation System and the Implementing Actors. Information Sciences Letters, 12(4), 1307–1317. https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/120445

Sutanto, E. M., & Aveline, V. (2021). Women leadership and its association to individual characteristics, social support, and diversity of work environment. International Journal of Business and Society, 22(2), 807–817. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3760.2021

Suwitri, S. (2008). Konsep Dasar Kebijakan Publik. Semarang: UNDIP.

Topalova, P., & Duflo, E. (2015). Unappreciated Service?: Performance , Perceptions , and Women Leaders in India Unappreciated Service?: Performance , Perceptions , and Women Leaders in India. Manuscript, Department of Economics …, March. https://www.almendron.com/tribuna/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/unappreciated-service-performance-perceptions-and-women-leaders-in-india.pdf

Vaughn Hokanson, (2017) Book Review: Deborah Rhode, Women and Leadership, 9 ConLawNOW, 1000

Wandia, M. E., & Njoroge, J. (2022). Effect of Social- Cultural Values on Women Leadership in Murang’a County Government. Journal of Public Policy & Governance, 6(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4034

Wells, K., & Fleshman W, J. (2020). Women in leadership. SA Pharmaceutical Journal, 87(5), 42

Widodo, Joko. (2008) Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Bayumedia.

Widodo, J. (2010). Analisis Kebijakan Publik: Konsep dan Aplikasi, Analisis Proses Kebijakan Publik. Malang: Media Nusa Creative

Alfiyah, N. I., & Tini, D. L. R. (2021). The Role of Women Village Heads in Decision Making Process in Lembung Timur Village. Journal of Local Government Issues, 4(2), 90–105.

A Muri Yusuf. (2017). Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Penelitian Gabungan. Jakarta: Kencana.

Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Asropi. (2020). Sustainable Development in Local Government: A Lesson from Indonesia. www.ijicc.net. (Vol 10(10), p. 579-593

Badan Pusat Statistik Jakarta Pusat, (2020). Pendataan Indeks Pembangunan Gender dan Indeks Pemberdayaan gender Tahun 2020-2022. Jakarta Pusat : Badan Pusat Statistik.

Beaman, L., Duflo, E., Pande, R., & Topalova, P. (2012). Female leadership raises aspirations and educational attainment for girls: A policy experiment in India. Science, 335(6068), 582–586. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212382

Bem, S.L. (1981). Gender Schema Theory : A Cognitive account of sex typing source. Psychological review, 88 354 [Online] www.webster.edu/-woolflm/sandrabem.htm tanggal akses : 20 Juni 2023

Carsten Anckar (2018) On the Applicability of the Most Similar Systems Design and the Most Different Systems Design in Comparative Research International Journal of Social Research Methodology 11(5):389-401 DOI:10.1080/13645570701401552

Chatterjee, S. (2016). THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES Leadership , Women Leadership and Rural Development ( With Special Reference to Panchayati Raj in India ). March.

Chattopadhyay, R., & Duflo, E. (2004). Women as policy makers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India. Econometrica, 72(5), 1409–1443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00539.x

Djaali, Mulyono, P., & Ramly. (2000). Pengukuran dalam Bidang Pendidikan. Jakarta: PPs UNJ.

Dunn, N. William. (1998). Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Dunn, William N. (1999). Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik Edisi Kedua. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press

Dunn,William N. 2000. Pengantar Analisa Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah. Mada Press

Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M. (2011). Taking Gender Into Account: Theory and Design for Women’s Leadership Develo...: Discovery Service for American College of Education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 474–493. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=f9c5eb67-fe3b-4bb0-97bd-0e6e5319a282@sessionmgr4003&hid=4208

Emzir. (2008). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Kualitatif & Kuantitatif. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Fitriyah, K., Kantun, S., & Sukidin. (2019). The strategy of the women’s leadership (a case study of the head village in Puger Subdistrict). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 243(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/243/1/012088

Garbuja, B. P., & Pasa, R. B. (2016). Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Women Empowerment: A Case from Bima VDC of Myagdi District, Nepal. Journal of Training and Development, 2(August 2016), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v2i0.15436

Gilani, P., Rook, C., Razeghi, Y., & Carr, M. (2022). Swimming against the current: Negotiating leadership challenges for women in Iran. Leadership, 18(1), 162–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150211047102

Jacka, T. (2008). Increasing women’s participation in Village Government in China: Is it worth it? Critical Asian Studies, 40(4), 499–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672710802505265

Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. (1977) . Men and Women of the Corporation. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Kartini, Kartono. (1996). Pengantar Metodologi Riset Sosial. Bandung: Mandar Maju 1996 : h.32.

Karunia, R. L., Budiaji, R., Suzana, R., Dewi, K. S., & Prasetyo, J. H. (2023). Analysis of the Factors that Affect the Implementation of E-Government in Indonesia. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 10(3), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1216

Karunia, R. L. (2020). The Influence of Leadership, Organisational Structure, and Organisational Culture on the Company Performance of PT NK TBK. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(2), 164–178.

KAPAL Perempuan, dkk. Buku Daya Perempuan Akar Rumput, Kepemimpinan Perempuan untuk Perubahan (2020), Jakarta.

Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (2021). Modul Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Perdesaan, Jakarta.

Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. 2020. Buku Pembangunan Manusia Berbasis Gender

Kementerian PP dan PA. 2018. Buku Pedoman Panduan Praktis Memahami PPRG di Daerah

Nawawi, Hadari. (1987). Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada Pers.

Nugroho, A. A., & Rahayu, N. S. (2020). Transformation of Innovation Values and Culture: Innovation Analysis of Regional Planning System in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. Www.ijicc.net (Vol. 11, p. 2020). www.ijicc.net

Nugroho, Riant. 2011. Public Policy: Dinamika Kebijakan, Analisis Kebijakan. Manajemen Kebijakan. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.

Nugroho, R. (2020). Public Policy Dinamika Kebijakan Publik, Analisis Kebijakan Publik, Manajemen Politik Kebijakan Publik, Etika Kebijakan Publik, Kimia Kebijakan Publik. (p. 898). Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo.

Patton, C. V., Sawicki, D. S., & Clark, J. J. (2015). Basic methods of policy analysis and planning. In Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315664736

Silitonga, M.S., Anthonio, G., Heyse, L., Wittek, R. (2016). Institutional Change and Corruption of Public Leaders: A Social Capital Perspective on Indonesia. In: Holzhacker, R., Wittek, R., Woltjer, J. (eds) Decentralization and Governance in Indonesia. Development and Governance, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22434-3_9

Silitonga, M. S., van Duijn, M., Heyse, L., & Wittek, R. (2019). Setting a Good Example? The Effect of Leader and Peer Behavior on Corruption among Indonesian Senior Civil Servants. Public Administration Review, 79(4), 565–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13059

Stake, E. Robert. (1976). Center For Instructional Research Ana Curriculum Evaluation Countenance. Illinois: University of Illinois.

Sugiyanto, E. K. (2020). Women Leadership Paradigm: Pro and Contra on Women As Leaders in Various Views. Economics and Business Solutions Journal, 4(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.26623/ebsj.v4i1.2241

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alphabet.

Suharto, E. (Ed.). (2004). Isu-Isu Tematik Pembangunan Sosial: Konsepsi dan Strategi. Jakarta: Balitbangsos Departemen Sosial RI.

Supiandi Yusuf, 2020, Kajian Model Pilot Perencanaan dam Penganggaran yang Responsif Gender di Desa, Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak

Suparno.A.S., 2001, Membangun Komptensi Dasar, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan

Suryanto, A. (2018). Strategi Peningkatan Efektifitas Pelatihan Kepemimpinan: Telaah Teoretis dan Empiris. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 14(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v14i1.337

Suryanto, A., Nurdin, N., Irawati, E., & Andriansyah. (2023). Digital transformation in enhancing knowledge acquisition of public sector employees. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.11.011

Suryanto, A., & Nugroho, A. A. (2020). Improving Public Participation in Innovation Management of Village-Owned Enterprise: Lesson Learned From the Best Village-Owned Enterprise in Indonesia. PalArch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(4), 2072–2082.

Suryanto, A., Prasetyo, A. G., Nurdin, N., & Aswad, M. (2023). The Reform of Apparatus Competence Development in Indonesia: Improving the Implementation System and the Implementing Actors. Information Sciences Letters, 12(4), 1307–1317. https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/120445

Sutanto, E. M., & Aveline, V. (2021). Women leadership and its association to individual characteristics, social support, and diversity of work environment. International Journal of Business and Society, 22(2), 807–817. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3760.2021

Suwitri, S. (2008). Konsep Dasar Kebijakan Publik. Semarang: UNDIP.

Topalova, P., & Duflo, E. (2015). Unappreciated Service?: Performance , Perceptions , and Women Leaders in India Unappreciated Service?: Performance , Perceptions , and Women Leaders in India. Manuscript, Department of Economics …, March. https://www.almendron.com/tribuna/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/unappreciated-service-performance-perceptions-and-women-leaders-in-india.pdf

Vaughn Hokanson, (2017) Book Review: Deborah Rhode, Women and Leadership, 9 ConLawNOW, 1000

Wandia, M. E., & Njoroge, J. (2022). Effect of Social- Cultural Values on Women Leadership in Murang’a County Government. Journal of Public Policy & Governance, 6(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4034

Wells, K., & Fleshman W, J. (2020). Women in leadership. SA Pharmaceutical Journal, 87(5), 42

Widodo, Joko. (2008) Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Bayumedia.

Widodo, J. (2010). Analisis Kebijakan Publik: Konsep dan Aplikasi, Analisis Proses Kebijakan Publik. Malang: Media Nusa Creative