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References
- Astriana, N., & Tjahjaningsih, E. (2026). Effect of competency and job characteristics on performance with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediation (study on state civil apparatus (ASN) Tegal City Government). Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics, 9(1), 2977–2990. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v9i1.8297
- Atbar, S., Mana, F. A., & Nggewaka, A. (2026). Manajemen organisasi digital dan kinerja pelayanan publik: Bukti empiris dari pemerintah daerah di Indonesia. Papsel Journal of Humanities and Policy, 3(2), 197–207. https://journal.papsel.org/index.php/JHP/article/view/310
- Barbera, C., Sicilia, M., & Steccolini, I. (2025). Exploring government-citizen interaction in public service performance assessment: Trade-offs, synergies, and critical issues. Public Administration, 103(3), 814–827. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.13068
- Duka, S. (2026). Analysis of merit system implementation in civil service management within the North Central Timor Regency Government. Prosiding Seminar STIAMI, 29–38.
- Firdausijah, R. T. (2022). Optimizing ASN talent development with human capital management. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 2(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.58471/jms.v2i1.2558
- Hertati, H., Samad, A., & Mujahid, M. (2023). Civil servant competency development at the Human Resources Development and Personnel Agency. Journal La Bisecoman, 4(5), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v4i5.1676
- Irenius Abi, M. N. F. G. (2020). Development of e-government to support the competency improvement of state civil servants in the Regional Civil Service Agency in North Central Timor District. Developing Country Studies, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.7176/DCS/10-11-06
- Karinda, K., & Nursin, E. (2018). Problem and competence development design of state civil apparatus (ASN) in Banggai District through education and training activities. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 9(3), 452–486. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.9388
- Kusuma, A. R., Rande, S., & Indarto, K. (2023). Strategy to increase the capability of civil servant (ASN) resources. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6), Article e02225. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.2225
- Lessy, U. A. L., & Adnyana, M. (2024). The influence of work discipline, competency and physical work environment on the performance of ASN employees with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. Kontigensi: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 12(1), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.56457/jimk.v12i1.518
- Nassaji, H. (2020). Good qualitative research. Language Teaching Research, 24(4), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820941288
- Nitsae, E. S., Sitorus, D. R. H., Patiung, M., & Pala, A. (2026). The effect of budget transparency on public trust in the Regional Planning, Research, and Development Agency of North Central Timor Regency. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara (JUAN), 14(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31629/juan.v14i1.8183
- Nor, A. I. (2025). The effect of training on public service delivery effectiveness in public sector organizations: The mediating role of civil servants’ performance. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2466788
- Oborin, M. (2021). Civil servants digital competencies formation in the new economic format context. In Proceedings of the International Conference (pp. 589–594). https://doi.org/10.5220/0010594405890594
- Pathak, V., Jena, B., & Kalra, S. (2013). Qualitative research. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 4(3), 192. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.115387
- Rizki, T., & Kurniawan, S. (2023). Public service performance: An influence of female leadership and good governance. Jurnal Bina Praja, 15(3), 443–452. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.443-452
- Roberts, S.-J., Saylor, M. A., Ivynian, S., & DiGiacomo, M. (2026). Data saturation and information power: Sample size in qualitative research—When is enough and how to assess? European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 25(5), 1069–1074. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvag046
- Sabuhari, R., Sudiro, A., Irawanto, D. W., & Rahayu, M. (2020). The effects of human resource flexibility, employee competency, organizational culture adaptation and job satisfaction on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 10(8), 1777–1786. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.1.001
- Walker, R. M., Andrews, R., George, B., & Tu, X. (2024). Organizational size and public service performance: A meta-analysis and an agenda for future research. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 46(1), 32–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2023.2176333
- Zein, M. H. M., & Septiani, S. (2022). Analysis of the competence and professionalism of the state civil apparatus (ASN) in improving public services in the fire and rescue service. Journal of Administrative and Social Science, 3(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.55606/jass.v3i1.1026
References
Astriana, N., & Tjahjaningsih, E. (2026). Effect of competency and job characteristics on performance with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediation (study on state civil apparatus (ASN) Tegal City Government). Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics, 9(1), 2977–2990. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v9i1.8297
Atbar, S., Mana, F. A., & Nggewaka, A. (2026). Manajemen organisasi digital dan kinerja pelayanan publik: Bukti empiris dari pemerintah daerah di Indonesia. Papsel Journal of Humanities and Policy, 3(2), 197–207. https://journal.papsel.org/index.php/JHP/article/view/310
Barbera, C., Sicilia, M., & Steccolini, I. (2025). Exploring government-citizen interaction in public service performance assessment: Trade-offs, synergies, and critical issues. Public Administration, 103(3), 814–827. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.13068
Duka, S. (2026). Analysis of merit system implementation in civil service management within the North Central Timor Regency Government. Prosiding Seminar STIAMI, 29–38.
Firdausijah, R. T. (2022). Optimizing ASN talent development with human capital management. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 2(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.58471/jms.v2i1.2558
Hertati, H., Samad, A., & Mujahid, M. (2023). Civil servant competency development at the Human Resources Development and Personnel Agency. Journal La Bisecoman, 4(5), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v4i5.1676
Irenius Abi, M. N. F. G. (2020). Development of e-government to support the competency improvement of state civil servants in the Regional Civil Service Agency in North Central Timor District. Developing Country Studies, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.7176/DCS/10-11-06
Karinda, K., & Nursin, E. (2018). Problem and competence development design of state civil apparatus (ASN) in Banggai District through education and training activities. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 9(3), 452–486. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.9388
Kusuma, A. R., Rande, S., & Indarto, K. (2023). Strategy to increase the capability of civil servant (ASN) resources. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6), Article e02225. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.2225
Lessy, U. A. L., & Adnyana, M. (2024). The influence of work discipline, competency and physical work environment on the performance of ASN employees with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. Kontigensi: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 12(1), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.56457/jimk.v12i1.518
Nassaji, H. (2020). Good qualitative research. Language Teaching Research, 24(4), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820941288
Nitsae, E. S., Sitorus, D. R. H., Patiung, M., & Pala, A. (2026). The effect of budget transparency on public trust in the Regional Planning, Research, and Development Agency of North Central Timor Regency. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara (JUAN), 14(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31629/juan.v14i1.8183
Nor, A. I. (2025). The effect of training on public service delivery effectiveness in public sector organizations: The mediating role of civil servants’ performance. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2466788
Oborin, M. (2021). Civil servants digital competencies formation in the new economic format context. In Proceedings of the International Conference (pp. 589–594). https://doi.org/10.5220/0010594405890594
Pathak, V., Jena, B., & Kalra, S. (2013). Qualitative research. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 4(3), 192. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.115387
Rizki, T., & Kurniawan, S. (2023). Public service performance: An influence of female leadership and good governance. Jurnal Bina Praja, 15(3), 443–452. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.443-452
Roberts, S.-J., Saylor, M. A., Ivynian, S., & DiGiacomo, M. (2026). Data saturation and information power: Sample size in qualitative research—When is enough and how to assess? European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 25(5), 1069–1074. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvag046
Sabuhari, R., Sudiro, A., Irawanto, D. W., & Rahayu, M. (2020). The effects of human resource flexibility, employee competency, organizational culture adaptation and job satisfaction on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 10(8), 1777–1786. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.1.001
Walker, R. M., Andrews, R., George, B., & Tu, X. (2024). Organizational size and public service performance: A meta-analysis and an agenda for future research. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 46(1), 32–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2023.2176333
Zein, M. H. M., & Septiani, S. (2022). Analysis of the competence and professionalism of the state civil apparatus (ASN) in improving public services in the fire and rescue service. Journal of Administrative and Social Science, 3(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.55606/jass.v3i1.1026